Mysql Questions

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40. What is InnoDB?
lnnoDB is a transaction safe storage engine developed 
by Innobase Oy which is a Oracle Corporation now.

41. How MySQL Optimizes DISTINCT?
DISTINCT is converted to a GROUP BY on all columns 
and it will be combined with ORDER BY clause.
SELECT DISTINCT t1.a FROM t1,t2 where t1.a=t2.a;
SELECT DISTINCT t1.a FROM t1,t2 where t1.a=t2.a;

42. How to enter Characters as HEX Numbers?
If you want to enter characters as HEX numbers, you can
enter HEX numbers with single quotes and a prefix of (X), 
or just prefix HEX numbers with (Ox).
A HEX number string will be automatically converted into 
a character string, if the expression context is a string.

43. How to display top 50 rows?
In MySql, top 50 rows are displayed by using this following query:
SELECT * FROM
LIMIT 0,50;

44. How many columns can be used for creating Index?
Maximum of 16 indexed columns can be created for 
any standard table.

45. What is the different between NOW() and CURRENT_DATE()?
NOW () command is used to show current year,month,date 
with hours,minutes and seconds.
CURRENT_DATE() shows current year,month and date only.

46. What are the objects can be created using CREATE statement?
Following objects are created using CREATE statement:
DATABASE
EVENT
FUNCTION
INDEX
PROCEDURE
TABLE
TRIGGER
USER
VIEW

47. How many TRIGGERS are allowed in MySql table?
SIX triggers are allowed in MySql table. They are as follows:
BEFORE INSERT
AFTER INSERT
BEFORE UPDATE
AFTER UPDATE
BEFORE DELETE and
AFTER DELETE

48. What are the nonstandard string types?
Following are Non-Standard string types:
TINYTEXT
TEXT
MEDIUMTEXT
LONGTEXT

49. What are all the Common SQL Function?
CONCAT(A, B) – Concatenates two string values to create a single 
string output. Often used to combine two or more fields into one single field.
FORMAT(X, D) – Formats the number X to D significant digits.
CURRDATE(), CURRTIME() – Returns the current date or time.
NOW() – Returns the current date and time as one value.
MONTH(), DAY(), YEAR(), WEEK(), WEEKDAY() – Extracts the given data 
from a date value.
HOUR(), MINUTE(), SECOND() – Extracts the given data from a time value.
DATEDIFF(A, B) – Determines the difference between two dates and it 
is commonly used to calculate age
SUBTIMES(A, B) – Determines the difference between two times.
FROMDAYS(INT) – Converts an integer number of days into a date value.

50. Explain Access Control Lists.
An ACL (Access Control List) is a list of permissions that is associated 
with an object. This list is the basis for MySQL server’s security model 
and it helps in troubleshooting problems like users not being able to connect.
MySQL keeps the ACLs (also called grant tables) cached in memory. 
When a user tries to authenticate or run a command, MySQL checks 
the authentication information and permissions against the ACLs, in a 
predetermined order.                                    

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